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What you need to know about
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease
diagnosed and under treated. More than 20 million Americans have kidney disease and another estimated 20 million are at risk
and don't know it. By the year 2010, the number of people with End Stage Kidney Disease is expected to more than double to
650,000.
Are You at Increased Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease?
Your doctor or clinic should check to see if you have any risk factors for chronic kidney disease. These include:
If you answer yes to any of the above you should visit your doctor or clinic and get tested. Your checkup should include:
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Healthy kidneys function to remove extra water and wastes, help control blood pressure, keep body chemicals in balance,
keep bones strong, tell your body to make red blood cells and help children grow normally. Chronic kidney disease occurs
when kidneys are no longer able to clean toxins and waste product from the blood and perform their functions to full
capacity. This can happen all of a sudden or over time.
What causes chronic kidney disease?
The cause of chronic kidney disease is not always known. However, many conditions and diseases can damage kidneys and
lead to chronic kidney disease.
• Diabetes causes about 35% of all chronic kidney disease.
• High blood pressure causes another 30%.
• Glomerulonephritis is the third most common cause of chronic kidney disease.
• Other causes include:
o Medication use or overuse.
o Infection and obstruction of the kidneys.
o Inherited genetic diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease.
What are the signs and symptoms of Chronic Kidney disease?
Because the kidneys perform so many functions for the body, the number of ways in which signs or symptoms of disease
may show up is large. Several different body systems may be affected.
• General - Fatigue, weakness
• Cardiovascular - High blood pressure, fluid retention (edema), chest pain due to pericarditis (inflammation around the heart)
• Pulmonary - Shortness of breath from fluid in lungs
• Gastrointestinal - Nausea, decreased appetite
• Hormonal - Calcium and vitamin D abnormalities, phosphorus abnormalities, testicular or ovarian dysfunction
• Blood - Low red blood cell count (anemia), platelet dysfunction, and poor blood clotting
• Nerve problems - Numbness in the feet or hands (peripheral neuropathy), altered mental status (encephalopathy)
• Electrolyte and acid-base levels - High potassium (hyperkalemia), acidosis
• Orthopedic - Bone pain, easy fractures
• Skin - Itching, easy bruising, pale skin
How many people in the U.S. have chronic kidney disease?
The National Kidney Foundation estimates that about 20 million adults in the U.S. have some degree of chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Of these, about 300,000 have Stage 5 CKD, or kidney failure-they are on dialysis or have a glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) of less than 15 mL/min. Another 400,000 have Stage 4 CKD (severe), and about 7.5 million are at Stage 3 (moderate).
The rest have some kidney damage, but have normal or only mildly reduced kidney function (CKD Stages 1 and 2). Trends in
the data show that the numbers of people with CKD are rising. Many people with CKD do not know they have it. Symptoms
are normally subtle until late in the course of the disease. With early detection, the course of CKD can usually be slowed.
What are the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys don't usually fail all at once. Instead, kidney disease often progresses slowly, over a
period of years. This is good news because, if CKD is caught early, medications and lifestyle changes may help slow its
progress and keep you feeling your best for as long as possible. With early diagnosis, it may be possible to slow, stop, or even
reverse CKD, depending on the cause. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recently published information on the stages of
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In the table below, the "GFR level," or glomerular filtration rate, is a measure of how well
your kidneys are cleaning your blood. Your doctor can calculate your GFR, based on a formula.
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
How can I slow the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?:
There are many ways to help delay or prevent kidney failure, especially when CKD is diagnosed in the mild to moderate
stages. These include:
1-Blood pressure control
•Keep your blood pressure at 125/75 or lower if you have diabetes and/or protein in your urine.
•Keep your blood pressure at 130/85 or lower if you have kidney problems but not diabetes.
Two types of blood pressure medication slow the action of angiotensin, a substance that may contribute to kidney disease
progression. Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs) can help slow progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes, even if they do not have high blood pressure. The
generic names of some common ACE inhibitors are captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril. Some common ARBs are telmisartan,
losartan, candesartan, and valsartan.
2-Blood glucose control
If you have diabetes, strict controls of your blood glucose levels can help slow the progression of kidney disease.
3-Repairing the damage
In some cases, the kidney disease itself can be treated. If you have an obstruction that blocks your urine flow, surgery may
help. If you have an infection, antibiotics may clear it up.
If damage is due to the effects of prescription or non-prescription medications, your doctor may be able to suggest a different
medication that is less harmful to your kidneys. If you have CKD and are prescribed antibiotics talk to your doctor about the
effect it may have on your kidneys. Painkillers (even over-the-counter medicines) can cause damage your kidneys. Sometimes
diagnostic studies are ordered with contrast dye. It may be necessary for you to have the study, but first find out if there are
alternative methods. Some diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and lupus can cause kidney damage when
your immune system overreacts and inflammation occurs. It is sometimes possible to slow the disease process by controlling
the immune system with steroids and/or other medications.
Smoking is a risk factor for faster progression of kidney disease, so stopping smoking can also help slow progression.
Avoiding too much protein and phosphorus in the diet may help, as well.
4-Diet and drugs
Ongoing research continues on dietary changes and drugs that may help to slow the progression of CKD. Examples include:
When one should be referred to a nephrologist (Kidney Specialist)?
If your Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR between 30-60 ml/min you should be under the care of a Nephrologist. TheNephrologist can help you and your Primary Care Physician to:
When dialysis should start?
National Kidney Foundation guidelines recommend that you start dialysis when your kidney function drops to 15% or less-or
if you have severe symptoms caused by your kidney disease, like shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle cramps, or nausea and
vomiting. Your doctor will help you decide, based on lab tests that measure how much kidney function you have left and on
your symptoms. Private insurance generally covers treatment for kidney failure whenever your doctor says it is needed. If
you don't have private insurance, you may be able to get coverage through federal or state funded healthcare programs, such
as Medicare or Medicaid. Most people (about 93% of those who apply) qualify for Medicare when they need dialysis or a
transplant, even if they are under age 65. Medicare pays for 80% of treatment for kidney disease when kidney function has
dropped to 10-15%, or when your doctor justifies it. If you are not having symptoms, you may be able to wait a bit longer.
However, some doctors believe that starting dialysis as soon as Medicare or insurance covers it is wise, since it can take a
long time to recover if you let yourself get very ill. Since chronic kidney disease often happens slowly, sometimes people do
not even know how bad they feel-until they start dialysis and begin to feel much better. It is important to start getting ready
for dialysis or a transplant well in advance-when your kidney disease reaches Stage 4 (severe, with glomerular filtration rate,
or GFR, less than 30 mL/min). Learning about the types of dialysis and transplant options will help you make a choice that is
best for you.
Need A Kidney Transplant? Please Call us at 859-263-1717
Click Here to Learn About Kidney Transplant
Nephrology Associates lexington
Nephrology Associates of Lexington
central kentucky nephrology
UK nephrology
and don't know it. By the year 2010, the number of people with End Stage Kidney Disease is expected to more than double to
650,000.
Are You at Increased Risk for Chronic Kidney Disease?
Your doctor or clinic should check to see if you have any risk factors for chronic kidney disease. These include:
 | diabetes | |
| high blood pressure | |
| family history of chronic kidney disease | |
| older age | |
| certain ethnic groups like: African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and American Indians | |
| Auto immune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid Arthritis | |
| Kidney Stones | |
| Exposure to certain medications and environmental toxins like lead and industrial toxins | |
| Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections |
| Checking your blood pressure | |
| Having a simple test for protein in your urine. When your kidneys are damaged protein leaks into your urine. | |
| Having a simple blood test for creatinine, a waste product that comes from muscle activity. Your kidneys normally | |
| remove creatinine from your blood. When your kidneys are damaged, however, your blood creatinine may build to a high level. |
What is chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Healthy kidneys function to remove extra water and wastes, help control blood pressure, keep body chemicals in balance,
keep bones strong, tell your body to make red blood cells and help children grow normally. Chronic kidney disease occurs
when kidneys are no longer able to clean toxins and waste product from the blood and perform their functions to full
capacity. This can happen all of a sudden or over time.
What causes chronic kidney disease?
The cause of chronic kidney disease is not always known. However, many conditions and diseases can damage kidneys and
lead to chronic kidney disease.
• Diabetes causes about 35% of all chronic kidney disease.
• High blood pressure causes another 30%.
• Glomerulonephritis is the third most common cause of chronic kidney disease.
• Other causes include:
o Medication use or overuse.
o Infection and obstruction of the kidneys.
o Inherited genetic diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease.
What are the signs and symptoms of Chronic Kidney disease?
Because the kidneys perform so many functions for the body, the number of ways in which signs or symptoms of disease
may show up is large. Several different body systems may be affected.
• General - Fatigue, weakness
• Cardiovascular - High blood pressure, fluid retention (edema), chest pain due to pericarditis (inflammation around the heart)
• Pulmonary - Shortness of breath from fluid in lungs
• Gastrointestinal - Nausea, decreased appetite
• Hormonal - Calcium and vitamin D abnormalities, phosphorus abnormalities, testicular or ovarian dysfunction
• Blood - Low red blood cell count (anemia), platelet dysfunction, and poor blood clotting
• Nerve problems - Numbness in the feet or hands (peripheral neuropathy), altered mental status (encephalopathy)
• Electrolyte and acid-base levels - High potassium (hyperkalemia), acidosis
• Orthopedic - Bone pain, easy fractures
• Skin - Itching, easy bruising, pale skin
How many people in the U.S. have chronic kidney disease?
The National Kidney Foundation estimates that about 20 million adults in the U.S. have some degree of chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Of these, about 300,000 have Stage 5 CKD, or kidney failure-they are on dialysis or have a glomerular filtration rate
(GFR) of less than 15 mL/min. Another 400,000 have Stage 4 CKD (severe), and about 7.5 million are at Stage 3 (moderate).
The rest have some kidney damage, but have normal or only mildly reduced kidney function (CKD Stages 1 and 2). Trends in
the data show that the numbers of people with CKD are rising. Many people with CKD do not know they have it. Symptoms
are normally subtle until late in the course of the disease. With early detection, the course of CKD can usually be slowed.
What are the stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys don't usually fail all at once. Instead, kidney disease often progresses slowly, over a
period of years. This is good news because, if CKD is caught early, medications and lifestyle changes may help slow its
progress and keep you feeling your best for as long as possible. With early diagnosis, it may be possible to slow, stop, or even
reverse CKD, depending on the cause. The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recently published information on the stages of
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In the table below, the "GFR level," or glomerular filtration rate, is a measure of how well
your kidneys are cleaning your blood. Your doctor can calculate your GFR, based on a formula.
Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
How can I slow the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?:
There are many ways to help delay or prevent kidney failure, especially when CKD is diagnosed in the mild to moderate
stages. These include:
1-Blood pressure control
•Keep your blood pressure at 125/75 or lower if you have diabetes and/or protein in your urine.
•Keep your blood pressure at 130/85 or lower if you have kidney problems but not diabetes.
Two types of blood pressure medication slow the action of angiotensin, a substance that may contribute to kidney disease
progression. Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers
(ARBs) can help slow progression of kidney disease in people with diabetes, even if they do not have high blood pressure. The
generic names of some common ACE inhibitors are captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril. Some common ARBs are telmisartan,
losartan, candesartan, and valsartan.
2-Blood glucose control
If you have diabetes, strict controls of your blood glucose levels can help slow the progression of kidney disease.
| Keep your hemoglobin A1c, which measures blood glucose control over the last two to three months, to less than | |
| 6.5%. | ||
| To reach this level of strict glycemic control, you will need to monitor your blood glucose closely to avoid | |
| hypoglycemia. You may need to use frequent insulin injections or an insulin pump. |
3-Repairing the damage
In some cases, the kidney disease itself can be treated. If you have an obstruction that blocks your urine flow, surgery may
help. If you have an infection, antibiotics may clear it up.
If damage is due to the effects of prescription or non-prescription medications, your doctor may be able to suggest a different
medication that is less harmful to your kidneys. If you have CKD and are prescribed antibiotics talk to your doctor about the
effect it may have on your kidneys. Painkillers (even over-the-counter medicines) can cause damage your kidneys. Sometimes
diagnostic studies are ordered with contrast dye. It may be necessary for you to have the study, but first find out if there are
alternative methods. Some diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and lupus can cause kidney damage when
your immune system overreacts and inflammation occurs. It is sometimes possible to slow the disease process by controlling
the immune system with steroids and/or other medications.
Smoking is a risk factor for faster progression of kidney disease, so stopping smoking can also help slow progression.
Avoiding too much protein and phosphorus in the diet may help, as well.
4-Diet and drugs
Ongoing research continues on dietary changes and drugs that may help to slow the progression of CKD. Examples include:
| Fish oil for IgA nephropathy | |
| Low protien restriction diet 0.8 gm/kg may slow the progression of the chronic kidney disease espicially in patients | |
| nearing end stage renal disease | ||
| Pirfenidone (an anti-fibrotic drug) in the treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) | |
| Dietary intake of antioxidant or anti-inflammatory vitamins and foods |
When one should be referred to a nephrologist (Kidney Specialist)?
If your Glomerular Filtration Rate GFR between 30-60 ml/min you should be under the care of a Nephrologist. The
| Slow the rate of decline of your kidney function | |
| Decide if a kidney biopsy might be useful | |
| Diagnose the type of kidney disease and whether it might be reversible with treatment | |
| Manage complications of kidney disease, such as anemia, high blood pressure, metabolic acidosis, and changes in | |
| mineral balance |
When dialysis should start?
National Kidney Foundation guidelines recommend that you start dialysis when your kidney function drops to 15% or less-or
if you have severe symptoms caused by your kidney disease, like shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle cramps, or nausea and
vomiting. Your doctor will help you decide, based on lab tests that measure how much kidney function you have left and on
your symptoms. Private insurance generally covers treatment for kidney failure whenever your doctor says it is needed. If
you don't have private insurance, you may be able to get coverage through federal or state funded healthcare programs, such
as Medicare or Medicaid. Most people (about 93% of those who apply) qualify for Medicare when they need dialysis or a
transplant, even if they are under age 65. Medicare pays for 80% of treatment for kidney disease when kidney function has
dropped to 10-15%, or when your doctor justifies it. If you are not having symptoms, you may be able to wait a bit longer.
However, some doctors believe that starting dialysis as soon as Medicare or insurance covers it is wise, since it can take a
long time to recover if you let yourself get very ill. Since chronic kidney disease often happens slowly, sometimes people do
not even know how bad they feel-until they start dialysis and begin to feel much better. It is important to start getting ready
for dialysis or a transplant well in advance-when your kidney disease reaches Stage 4 (severe, with glomerular filtration rate,
or GFR, less than 30 mL/min). Learning about the types of dialysis and transplant options will help you make a choice that is
best for you.
Need A Kidney Transplant? Please Call us at 859-263-1717
Click Here to Learn About Kidney Transplant
Nephrology Associates lexington
Nephrology Associates of Lexington
central kentucky nephrology
UK nephrology
Phone: 859-263-1717
Phone: 502-867-0411
Fax: 859-263-0177
Phone: 502-867-0411
Fax: 859-263-0177
| BlueGrass Renal Care, PSC |
| Quality Is Never An Accident |
| 859-263-1717 502-867-0411 |